سین کریوِن؛ فقط ایدهای برای تأمل بیشتر
☱ انتشارات معتبر راتلج، یک مجموعه هشت قسمتی با عنوان «مطالعات راتلج در رئالیسم انتقادی» تدارک دیده است که «مارکسیسم و رئالیسم»، به کوشش سین کریوِن (از دانشگاه وست در بریستول)، شماره نخست آن است.
☱ «رئاليسم انتقادی» توسط روی باسکار و شاگردانش بسط یافت. برداشت باسکار از دیالکتیک، به مثابه ”بنبستگشایی و رهایی“، دوگانههای متعارف در علوم اجتماعی و فلسفه را بیاعتبار قلمداد میکند. همۀ اینها برای دستیابی به زندگی سعادتمند است. دفاع باسكار از مفهوم جامعه ائودایمونیستیک (یا جامعه سعادتگرا)، تز اخلاقگرایی او را منسجم و هماهنگ میکند.
☱ رئاليسم انتقادی به عنوان يك جنبش، خواهان رهاييبخشی به انسان است و مآلاً رهايیبخشی را هدف و مقصود علوم اجتماعی، فلسفه و الهيات میدانند. این مطلب، خصوصاً در كتاب ”از شرق به غرب“ روی باسکار در سال ۲۰۰۰ تصریح شد.
☱ در باب اندیشههای روی باسکار مطلب «روی باسکار» را مرور فرمایید.
☱ فهرست مطالب کتاب بدین ترتیب است:
░▒▓ INTRODUCTION
■theory and method
○ holism versus individualism revisited
○ the new sociologies of praxis
○ realism and analytical dualism
○ realism and marxism
■structure of thesis
░▒▓ 1 Critical realism and Marxism
■the tasks of marxism in philosophy and social analysis
■ontology and science: depth realism and dialectical materialism
○ stratification, rootedness and emergence in depth realism
○ ontological materialism and the dialectics of nature
■critical materialism and social science theory
○ the determination of consciousness and culture by social and material existence
○ anthropological materialism: social labour and the origins of human beings and human culture
○ socio-historical materialism: base, superstructure and social change
■conclusion
░▒▓ 2 ORGANISMS, SUBJECTS AND SOCIETY
■marx’s philosophical anthropology and the concept of human nature
○ marx’s theory of human nature as a structure of tendencies
○ and powers: a defence
○ social labour and language
○ social labour and socio-cultural evolution
○ marx’s theory of human nature as a structure of needs and interests: a defence
■naturalistic conceptions of individuals and society
○ the naturalistic conception of individuals and society: sociobiology
○ sociobiology’s conception of human nature and social interaction: a critique
○ the naturalistic conception of individuals and society: utilitarianism
○ the utilitarian conception of individuals and society: a critique
■sociological conceptions of individuals and society
○ individuals and society in sociological elisionism: a brief outline
○ symbolic interactionism
○ structuration theory
○ human nature and the social self in post-structuralism: a critique
○ human nature and the social self in symbolic interactionism
○ and structuration theory: a critique
○ mind, self and society in g. h. mead’s social behaviourism: a critique
○ human nature and the social self in symbolic interactionism: a critique
○ human nature and the social self in structuration theory: a critique
○ organisms, subjects and society
■conclusion
░▒▓ 3 SUBJECTS, ACTORS AND AGENTS
■the concept and nature of social interaction
■the function of interests and norms in social theory
○ the relationship between interests and norms in social theory
■persons, agents and actors: a realist model of interaction
○ corporate agency and primary agency
○ the morphogenesis of structure and agency: the example of british social policy
○ morphogenesis and structural transformation: the dynamics of social revolutions
○ social agency and institutional action
■self, personal identity and social identity: a stratified model of people
○ the naturalistic foundations of human consciousness
○ consciousness, self and self-identity
○ self-objectification from the view of other subjects
○ personal identity and social identity
■conclusion
░▒▓ 4 STRUCTURE, POWER AND CONFLICT
■structure and culture in social analysis
○ the nature of structural and cultural conditioning
■the marxian concept of social structure
○ the philosophical and anthropological premises of historical
○ materialism
○ the mode of production as structure and action
○ forces and relations of production as emergent social structures
○ the mode of production and structural conditioning: orthodox objections
○ the real relationship between forces and relations of production
■structure and superstructure in marxian sociology
○ structure and superstructure: traditional objections
○ structure–superstructure as a thesis of vertical causation in social systems
○ the role of economic structures in enabling and setting limits
○ to non-economic structures and practices
○ the decisive role of economic structures in shaping the political consciousness and agency of interactants
○ empirical indicators
○ education by sex, race and class in modern britain: empirical indicators
○ social agency of interactants
○ the decisive role of economic structures in shaping the function and content of superstructural forms
■conclusion
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