برایان استنلی ترنر؛ فقط ایدهای برای تأمل بیشتر
☱ «مرجع جدید بلـکـول در نظریه جامعهشناختی»، به کوشش برایان استنلی ترنر، محصول ۲۰۰۹ معتبرترین انتشارات در زمینه علوم انسانی، یعنی وایلی بلـکـول است.
☱ پروفسور برایان استنلی ترنر (از دانشگاه کیمبریج) در رأس یک تیم ۳۵ نفره از «بزرگان»، مجموعهای ۲۸ مقالهای را در ۵ بخش تدارک دیده است که رو به آینده دارد، و آنقدر گرانقدر و گیرا بوده است که ویرایش دوم آن، با عنوان یکۀ «مرجع بلـکـول در نظریه جامعهشناسی» منتشر شده است.
☱ پیش از این، مورخ ۲۰۰۰ و ۲۰۰۳، در دو مجلد کلاسیکها و معاصران، نظریه جامعهشناختی توسط پروفسور جرج ریتزر و به همت انتشارات بلـکـول منتشر شده بود، و ما هم در همین وبگاه، این دو متن را تقدیم نمودیم.
☱ کار ترنر، به رغم منبع ریتزر، نه بر متفکران، بلکه بر مسائل اصلی تمرکز دارد؛ «دستور کارهای جدید نظریه جامعهشناختی» (مقدمه پروفسور ترنر)، «اصول نظریه جامعهشناختی»، «کنشها، کنشگران، و سیستمها»، «چشماندازها به تحلیل اجتماعی و فرهنگی» (این فصل فوقالعاده است)، «جامعهشناسی و علوم اجتماعی»، «روندهای جدید».
☱ فهرست مطالب کتاب بدین ترتیب است:
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Introduction; A New Agenda for Social Theory?
Bryan S. Turner
■ Preliminary remarks
■ What is social theory?
■ Two metaphors for theorizing
■ The contemporary crisis
■ Defending a classical tradition
■ The social and the political
■ Justice and equality
■ Agency and structure as a framework
■ The new companion to social theory
■ Bibliography
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Part I: Foundations
░▒▓The Foundations of Social Theory
Gerard Delanty
■ Introduction
■ The rise of the social and enlightenment
■ Social theory
■ The enlightenment legacy and classical european social theory
■ Social theory and the disenchantment with modernity
■ Classical american social theory
■ Conclusion
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Contemporary Sociological Theory: Post-Parsonian Developments
John Holmwood
■ Professional order and disorderly others
■ From parsons to marx (and others) and back again
■ Outside the loop?
■ Beyond general theory?
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Philosophy of the Social Sciences
Patrick Baert and Fernando Domínguez Rubio
■ Introduction
■ Naturalist and foundationalist models
○ Positivist promises
○ Falsifi cationism
○ Critical realism
■ Meaning, language, and critique
○ Hermeneutics
○ Wittgensteinian philosophy
○ Critical theory
■ Further moves away from naturalism and foundationalism
○ Philosophy and anti-foundationalism
○ Empirical studies of science and anti-foundationalism
○ Actor network theory
■ Some concluding remarks
■ Bibliography
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Part II: Actions, Actors, and Systems
░▒▓Theories of Social Action
Rob Stones
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Functionalism and Social Systems Theory
Giuseppe Sciortino
■ The foundations of functional analysis
■ Functionalism as normal social science
■ Sociology’s strong program: social systems theory
■ The analysis of social systems
■ After the collapse: vicissitudes of a legacy
■ Radicalizing functionalism: niklas luhmann’s theory of social systems
■ Conclusions
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Structuralism and Poststructuralism
Daniel Chaffee and Charles Lemert
■ Structuralisms in the social, cultural, and human sciences
■ Poststructuralisms and other
■ Critiques of structuralism
■ Bourdieu’s habitus and giddens’s structuration theory
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Actor Network Theory and Material Semiotics
John Law
■ Introduction
■ Origin stories
○ Engineers, managers, and systems
○ Exemplars and laboratory practices
○ Translation, order, and disorder
○ Poststructuralist relationality
■ Actor network theory 1990
○ Material-semiotic relationality
○ The erosion of foundations
○ Durability after foundations
Material durability
Strategic durability
Discursive stability
■ Responses and reactions
■ Diaspora
○ Enactment
○ Multiplicity
○ Fluidity
○ Realities and goods
○ An ontological politics
■ Acknowledgment
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Ethnomethodology and Social Theory
Richard A. Hilbert
■ Parsons’s ontology
■ Ethnomethodology’s receptivity to and from the social sciences
■ Ethnomethodology’s ontology
■ Concluding remarks
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Rational Choice Theory
Raymond Boudon
■ Why rational choice theory?
■ The postulates of rct
■ The achievements of rct
■ Can rct be held as a general theory?
■ Reasons for the shortcomings of rct
■ Beyond rct: using a broader theory of rationality
■ Cognitive rationality
■ Axiological rationality
■ The validity of reasons
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
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Part III: Perspectives on Social and Cultural Analysis Pragmatism and Symbolic Interactionism
Jack Barbalet
■ Introduction
■ Pragmatism and sociology
■ Varieties of pragmatism
■ Symbolic interactionism
■ Rational choice theory and the pragmatic critique
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Phenomenology
Michael G. Flaherty
■ Origins and aims
■ Sociology and intersubjectivity
■ A popular ingredient
■ Recent developments
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Feminist Theory
Mary Evans
■ Introduction
■ Early developments
■ “Second-wave” feminism
■ Differences and continuities
■ Enlarging feminism
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Postmodern Social Theory
Jan Pakulski
■ The postmodern approach
■ Postmodern social theory
■ The key figures
■ The social framework
■ Criticisms
■ Modernization and its discontents
■ Theoretical synthesis: postmodernization
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Social Constructionism
Darin Weinberg
■ The roots of social constructionism
■ The sociology of scientific knowledge
■ The practice turn
■ Reflexivity
■ Conclusion
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Conversation Analysis as Social Theory
John Heritage
■ Background
■ Conversation analysis
○ The structural analysis of action in ordinary conversation
○ The primacy of ordinary conversation
■ Orders of analysis
○ Turn-taking
○ Sequence organization
○ Intersubjectivity and repair
○ The epistemic order
○ Social solidarity
■ The interaction order as an institution
■ The interaction order and societal institutions
■ Conclusion
■ Acknowledgment
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Globalization Theory
John Boli and Frank J. Lechner
■ Cultural theory: globalization as reconceptualization and hybridity
■ World-system and related theories: globalization as the history of capitalism
○ Core of the theory
○ Related theories
■ World polity theory: globalization as the enactment of world culture
○ Core of the theory
■ Conclusion
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
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Part IV: Sociology and the Social Sciences Genetics and Social Theory
Oonagh Corrigan
■ Introduction
■ “Old” genetics and eugenic ideology
■ Big science: ethics, and the new genetics
■ A new eugenics?
■ Genes are us?
■ Reconceptualizing nature and culture
■ The reconfiguration of race
■ The value of genes
■ Genetic citizens
■ Hope and future promises
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Economic Sociology
Richard Swedberg
■ The present state of economic sociology
■ New developments
○ Theory and theory-related advances
○ New developments in analyzing old topics (networks, markets; and fi rms)
○ New topics: fi nance, law, stratifi cation, comparative and historical studies
■ Concluding remarks
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Cultural Sociology
Isaac Reed and Jeffrey C. Alexander
■ From the humanities to cultural sociology, via the sociology of culture
■ Culture as structure
○ Culture in action
■ Culture and critique
■ The cultural turn in sociology: empirical manifestations
■ Reinterpreting the classics
■ Cultural sociology: “new classics”
■ Further theoretical questions for cultural
■ Sociology: reframing “interpretation”
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Historical Sociology
Krishan Kumar
■ Why “historical sociology”?
■ The recovery of historical sociology
■ A third wave?
■ New departures, wider horizons
■ Promise and performance
■ Bibliography
░▒▓The Sociology of Religion
Michele Dillon
■ Max weber’s sociology of religion:
■ Definition and methodology
■ Émile durkheim’s sociology of religion: definition and methodology
■ Weber, durkheim, and secularization
■ Modernization and the differentiation of institutional spheres
■ American religious exceptionalism: freedom and denominationalism
○ Religious freedom
○ Denominationalism
■ Rational choice theory and supply-side logic
■ Changes in the religious-spiritual marketplace
■ Religion and globalization
○ Post-secular society
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Demography
John MacInnes and Julio Pérez Díaz
■ Introduction
■ Sociology and demography
■ Demography and economics
■ Demography and the concept of population
■ Life expectancy and the reproductive revolution
■ Years of life: age groups, generations and life tables
■ Population pyramids
■ The strategic importance of fertility
■ The regulation of fertility at “home” and abroad
■ The contemporary situation of demography
■ Demography in the era of population maturity
○ Life expectancy
○ Migration
■ Conclusion
■ Note
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Science and Technology Studies: From Controversies to Posthumanist Social Theory
Sophia Roosth and Susan Silbey
■ Early sources
■ Sts studies of the institutionalization, reception, and
■ Appropriation of science and technology
■ Production of scientific knowledge: elusive
■ Boundaries and posthumanist social science
■ Conclusion
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
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Part V: New Developments
░▒▓Mobilities and Social Theory
John Urry
■ The mobilities paradigm
■ A-mobile social science
■ Simmel and mobilities
■ Sedentarism
■ Nomadism
■ Materials on the move
■ Migrations and diasporas
■ Proximities and pleasures
■ Systems
■ Conclusion
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Sociological Theory and Human Rights: Two Logics, One World
Judith Blau and Alberto Moncada
■ The two logics
■ The comprehensive scope of human rights
■ Four paradoxes
■ Human rights as an international framework
■ State-based human rights
■ The two oppositional logics
■ The epistemic rupture
■ Contemporary philosophy
■ Toward a rights-based sociology
■ Repressive regimes and humanitarian crimes
■ Conclusions
■ Bibliography
░▒▓The Sociology of the Body
Bryan S. Turner
■ Introduction: the biological and the social
■ The origins of the sociology of the body
■ Conceptual distinctions: what is the body?
■ Theoretical perspectives
■ Embodiment and human movement
■ A research agenda: reproduction and longevity
■ Immortal bodies
■ Conclusion: the body, self, and society
■ Bibliography
░▒▓Cosmopolitanism and Social Theory
Daniel Chernilo
■ Phase 1. Classical social theory: modernity as a world phenomenon
■ Phase 2. Modernist social theory: social system and industrial society
■ Phase 3. Contemporary social theory: towards an explicit cosmopolitan approach
■ Conclusion: cosmopolitanism’s universalism and its critics
■ Notes
■ Bibliography
░▒▓The Future of Social Theory
Stephen Turner
■ New challenges and the persistence of the old regime
■ Conclusion: hope and skepticism
■ Note
■ Bibliography
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